Light-tunable three-phase coexistence in mixed halide perovskites

TL;DR

This paper predicts a novel light-tunable three-phase coexistence in mixed halide perovskites, involving iodine-rich, bromine-rich, and nearly iodine-pure phases, influenced by temperature and illumination, with potential experimental verification.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of three-phase coexistence in mixed halide perovskites and explores its thermodynamic basis and hysteresis behavior under light and temperature cycling.

Findings

Three-phase coexistence occurs near the critical demixing point.

Nuclei formation depends on the phase and cycling conditions.

Experimental methods suggested for verification.

Abstract

Mixed iodine-bromine perovskites used in solar cells undergo below a critical temperature an intrinsic demixing into phases with different iodine-bromine compositions. In addition, under illumination they show nucleation of an iodine-rich phase. We predict from thermodynamic considerations that in mixed iodine-bromine perovskites like MAPb(I$_{1-x}$Br$_x$)$_3$ the interplay of these effects can lead to coexistence of a bromine-rich, iodine-rich, and nearly iodine-pure nucleated phase. This three-phase coexistence occurs in a region in the composition-temperature phase diagram near the critical point for intrinsic demixing. We investigate the hysteresis in the evolution of this coexistence when temperature or illumination intensity are cycled. Depending on the particular way the coexistence is established, nearly iodine-pure nuclei should form either in the iodine-rich phase only or both in the bromine-rich and iodine-rich phases. Experimental verification of this fundamentally novel type of light-tunable three-phase coexistence should be possible by a combination of absorption and photoluminescence experiments.