Theoretical model of the Leidenfrost temperature

TL;DR

This paper presents a theoretical model explaining the Leidenfrost temperature as a bifurcation point in evaporation equations, successfully matching experimental data for water.

Contribution

It introduces a novel bifurcation-based theoretical framework for predicting the Leidenfrost temperature, advancing understanding of this phenomenon.

Findings

Theoretical Leidenfrost temperature matches experimental data for water.

Leidenfrost temperature is linked to a bifurcation in evaporation equations.

The model explains why the Leidenfrost temperature exceeds the boiling point.

Abstract

The Leidenfrost effect is a phenomenon in which a liquid, poured onto a surface significantly hotter than the liquid's boiling point, produces a layer of vapor that prevents the liquid from rapid evaporation. Rather than making physical contact, a drop of water levitates above the surface. The temperature above which the phenomenon occurs is called the Leidenfrost temperature. The reason for the existence of the Leidenfrost temperature, which is much higher than the boiling point of the liquid, is not fully understood and predicted. Here we prove that the Leidenfrost temperature corresponds to a bifurcation in the solutions of equations describing evaporation of a nonequilibrium liquid-vapor interface. For water, the theoretical values of obtained Leidenfrost temperature, and that of the liquid bulk which is smaller than the boiling point of liquid, fit the experimental results found in the literature.