Free field realisation and the chiral universal centraliser

TL;DR

This paper constructs a free field realization of the chiral universal centraliser in class S theories, extending Kostant's classical results and enabling explicit free field models for certain chiral algebras.

Contribution

It introduces a free field realization of the chiral universal centraliser for any simple group G, extending Kostant's embedding and applying it to class S chiral algebras.

Findings

Constructed an open symplectic embedding extending Kostant's result.

Proposed a free field realization of the chiral universal centraliser.

Developed explicit free field models for class S theories of type A1 with up to six punctures.

Abstract

In the TQFT formalism of Moore-Tachikawa for describing Higgs branches of theories of class $\mathcal{S}$, the space associated to the unpunctured sphere in type $\mathfrak{g}$ is the universal centraliser $\mathfrak{Z}_G$, where $\mathfrak{g}=Lie(G)$. In more physical terms, this space arises as the Coulomb branch of pure $\mathcal{N}=4$ gauge theory in three dimensions with gauge group $\check{G}$, the Langlands dual. In the analogous formalism for describing chiral algebras of class $\mathcal{S}$, the vertex algebra associated to the sphere has been dubbed the \emph{chiral universal centraliser}. In this paper, we construct an open, symplectic embedding from a cover of the Kostant-Toda lattice of type $\mathfrak{g}$ to the universal centraliser of $G$, extending a classic result of Kostant. Using this embedding and some observations on the Poisson algebraic structure of $\mathfrak{Z}_G$, we propose a free field realisation of the chiral universal centraliser for any simple group $G$. We exploit this realisation to develop free field realisations of chiral algebras of class $\mathcal{S}$ of type $\mathfrak{a}_1$ for theories of genus zero with up to six punctures. These realisations make generalised $S$-duality completely manifest, and the generalisation to more than six punctures is conceptually clear, though technically burdensome.