Migratory Outbursting Quasi-Hilda Object 282P/(323137) 2003 BM80

TL;DR

This study reports a sustained activity outburst in the object 282P/(323137) 2003 BM80, a Quasi-Hilda Object, and explores its dynamical history and activity mechanism, suggesting volatile sublimation as the primary cause.

Contribution

It provides new observational data, dynamical simulations, and thermodynamical modeling to understand the activity and orbital evolution of 282P, linking it to Centaurs and Jupiter Family Comets.

Findings

282P was active on June 7, 2022, 15 months after previous activity.

282P has experienced multiple close encounters with Jupiter and Saturn in the last 180 years.

Volatile sublimation is identified as the primary activity mechanism.

Abstract

We report object 282P/(323137) 2003 BM80 is undergoing a sustained activity outburst, lasting over 15 months thus far. These findings stem in part from our NASA Partner Citizen Science project Active Asteroids (http://activeasteroids.net), which we introduce here. We acquired new observations of 282P via our observing campaign (Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope, Lowell Discovery Telescope, and the Gemini South telescope), confirming 282P was active on UT 2022 June 7, some 15 months after 2021 March images showed activity in the 2021/2022 epoch. We classify 282P as a member of the Quasi-Hilda Objects, a group of dynamically unstable objects found in an orbital region similar to, but distinct in their dynamical characteristics to, the Hilda asteroids (objects in 3:2 resonance with Jupiter). Our dynamical simulations show 282P has undergone at least five close encounters with Jupiter and one with Saturn over the last 180 years. 282P was most likely a Centaur or Jupiter Family Comet (JFC) 250 years ago. In 350 years, following some 15 strong Jovian interactions, 282P will most likely migrate to become a JFC or, less likely, a main-belt asteroid. These migrations highlight a dynamical pathway connecting Centaurs and JFC with Quasi-Hildas and, potentially, active asteroids. Synthesizing these results with our thermodynamical modeling and new activity observations, we find volatile sublimation is the primary activity mechanism. Observations of a quiescent 282P, which we anticipate will be possible in 2023, will help confirm our hypothesis by measuring a rotation period and ascertaining spectral type.