Magnetic domain scanning imaging using phase-sensitive THz-pulse detection

TL;DR

This paper presents a novel phase-sensitive THz-pulse detection method for imaging magnetic domains in CoFeB layers, achieving high spatial resolution and enabling detailed analysis of magnetic textures and domain walls.

Contribution

The study introduces a THz-based scanning imaging technique with near-field enhancement for high-resolution magnetic domain visualization, surpassing traditional diffraction limits.

Findings

High-resolution imaging of magnetic domains and domain walls.

Demonstration of near-field imaging improving spatial resolution.

Correlation of THz imaging with Kerr microscopy results.

Abstract

In our study, we determine the alignment of magnetic domains in a CoFeB layer using THz radiation. We generate THz-pulses by fs-laser-pulses in magnetized CoFeB/Pt heterostructures, based on spin currents. An LT-GaAs Auston switch detects the radiation phase-sensitively and allows to determine the magnetization alignment. Our scanning technique with motorized stages with step sizes in the sub-micrometer range, allows to image two dimensional magnetic structures. Theoretically the resolution is restricted to half of the wavelength if focusing optics in the far-field limit are used. By applying near-field imaging, the spatial resolution is enhanced to the single digit micrometer range. For this purpose, spintronic emitters in diverse geometric shapes, e.g. circles, triangles, squares, and sizes are prepared to observe the formation of magnetization patterns. The alignment of the emitted THz radiation can be influenced by applying unidirectional external magnetic fields. We demonstrate how magnetic domains with opposite alignment and different shapes divided by domain walls are created by demagnetizing the patterns using minor loops and imaged using phase sensitive THz radiation detection. For analysis, the data is compared to Kerr microscope images. The possibility to combine this method with THz range spectroscopic information of magnetic texture or antiferromagnets in direct vicinity to the spintronic emitter, makes this detection method interesting for much wider applications probing THz excitation in spin systems with high resolution beyond the Abbe diffraction limit, limited solely by the laser excitation area.