Curvature fluctuations of fluid vesicles reveal hydrodynamic dissipation within the bilayer

TL;DR

This study reveals that internal membrane viscosity significantly influences the dynamics of membrane bending fluctuations, challenging previous assumptions that external fluid viscosity dominates, with implications for understanding membrane mechanics.

Contribution

The paper demonstrates that viscous flows within membranes govern bending fluctuation dynamics, providing a new method to measure membrane viscosity from shape fluctuation data.

Findings

Membrane viscosity can be extracted from short-time shape correlations.

DPPC:Cholesterol membranes behave as Newtonian fluids.

Polymer membranes show complex rheological behavior.

Abstract

The biological function of membranes is closely related to their softness, which is often studied through the membranes' thermally-driven fluctuations. The analysis commonly assumes that the relaxation rate of a pure bending deformation is determined by the competition between membrane bending rigidity and viscous dissipation in the surrounding medium. Here, we reexamine this assumption and demonstrate that viscous flows within the membrane dominate the dynamics of bending fluctuations of non-planar membranes with a radius of curvature smaller than the Saffman-Delbr\"uck length. Using flickering spectroscopy of giant vesicles made of DPPC:Cholesterol mixtures and pure diblock-copolymer membranes, we experimentally detect the signature of membrane dissipation in curvature fluctuations, and show that membrane viscosity can be reliably obtained from the short time behavior of the shape time correlations. The results indicate that the DPPC:Cholesterol membranes behave as a Newtonian fluid, while polymer membranes exhibit more complex rheology. Our study provides physical insights into the time scales of curvature remodeling of biological and synthetic membranes.