Projected-Field Kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Cross-Correlations: Halo Model and Forecasts

TL;DR

This paper develops a halo-model approach to compute the projected-field kSZ cross-power spectrum, forecasts high-significance detections with upcoming CMB and LSS surveys, and explores implications for understanding baryon distribution.

Contribution

It introduces the first halo-model calculation of the projected-field kSZ cross-correlation and provides detailed forecasts for future survey detections and measurements.

Findings

Forecasts an 18σ detection with AdvACT and unWISE data.

Predicts a 62σ detection with Simons Observatory and unWISE.

Anticipates first detections of kSZ-galaxy weak lensing and kSZ-CMB lensing cross-correlations.

Abstract

The kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect, i.e., the Doppler boost of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons caused by their scattering off free electrons in galaxy clusters and groups with non-zero bulk velocity, is a powerful window on baryons in the universe. We present the first halo-model computation of the cross-power spectrum of the ``projected-field'' kSZ signal with large-scale structure (LSS) tracers. We compare and validate our calculations against previous studies, which relied on $N$-body-calibrated effective formulas rather than the halo model. We forecast results for CMB maps from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (AdvACT), Simons Observatory (SO), and CMB-S4, and LSS survey data from the Dark Energy Survey, the Vera C.~Rubin Observatory (VRO), and \textit{Euclid}. In cross-correlation with galaxy number density, for AdvACT $\times$ \textit{unWISE} we forecast an 18$\sigma$ projected-field kSZ detection using data already in hand. Combining SO CMB maps and \textit{unWISE} galaxy catalogs, we expect a $62\sigma$ detection, yielding precise measurements of the gas density profile radial slopes. Additionally, we forecast first detections of the kSZ -- galaxy weak lensing cross-correlation with AdvACT $\times$ VRO/\textit{Euclid} (at 6$\sigma$) and of the kSZ -- CMB weak lensing cross-correlation with SO (at 16$\sigma$). Finally, $\approx 10-20$\% precision measurements of the shape of the gas density profile should be possible with CMB-S4 kSZ -- CMB lensing cross-correlation without using any external datasets.