N-Band Photonic Hopf Insulators Based on 2D Microring Lattices

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that 2D microring lattices can emulate N-band photonic Hopf insulators with nontrivial topological properties, linking the Hopf index to the winding number and expanding the platform for topological photonics.

Contribution

It introduces a novel photonic system using microring lattices to realize N-band Hopf insulators and establishes the Hopf index as a new topological invariant in this context.

Findings

Microring lattices can emulate N-band Hopf insulators.

The Hopf index equals the winding number in this system.

The platform enables study of non-Abelian topological photonics.

Abstract

Hopf insulators are topological insulators whose topological behavior arises from the nontrivial mapping from a 3D sphere to a 2D sphere, known as the Hopf map. The Hopf map, typically encountered in the study of spinor and skyrmion systems, is classified topologically by an integer invariant called the Hopf index. Here we show that due to the periodic circulation of light inside each microring, a 2D lattice of microring resonators can emulate an $N$-band photonic Hopf insulator with nontrivial Hopf index. In particular, we show by numerical computation and direct analytical proof that the $N$-band Hopf index of the microring lattice is identical to its winding number. The result shows that the Hopf index is an alternative topological invariant for classifying 2D microring photonic lattices and establishes a correspondence between the Hopf insulator phase and the anomalous Floquet insulator phase of the lattice. More generally, our work shows that 2D microring lattices can provide a versatile nanophotonic platform for studying non-Abelian topological photonic systems.