Faster Attention Is What You Need: A Fast Self-Attention Neural Network Backbone Architecture for the Edge via Double-Condensing Attention Condensers

TL;DR

This paper introduces AttendNeXt, a highly efficient self-attention neural network backbone optimized for edge devices, achieving significant speed and size improvements while maintaining high accuracy for TinyML applications.

Contribution

The paper proposes a novel double-condensing attention condenser design and a machine-driven architecture exploration strategy to create a faster, smaller, and more accurate self-attention backbone for edge devices.

Findings

AttendNeXt is over 10x faster than state-of-the-art backbones.

It is 1.37x smaller than MobileNetv3-L with higher accuracy.

Achieves 1.1% higher top-1 accuracy than MobileViT XS on ImageNet.

Abstract

With the growing adoption of deep learning for on-device TinyML applications, there has been an ever-increasing demand for efficient neural network backbones optimized for the edge. Recently, the introduction of attention condenser networks have resulted in low-footprint, highly-efficient, self-attention neural networks that strike a strong balance between accuracy and speed. In this study, we introduce a faster attention condenser design called double-condensing attention condensers that allow for highly condensed feature embeddings. We further employ a machine-driven design exploration strategy that imposes design constraints based on best practices for greater efficiency and robustness to produce the macro-micro architecture constructs of the backbone. The resulting backbone (which we name AttendNeXt) achieves significantly higher inference throughput on an embedded ARM processor when compared to several other state-of-the-art efficient backbones (>10x faster than FB-Net C at higher accuracy and speed and >10x faster than MobileOne-S1 at smaller size) while having a small model size (>1.37x smaller than MobileNetv3-L at higher accuracy and speed) and strong accuracy (1.1% higher top-1 accuracy than MobileViT XS on ImageNet at higher speed). These promising results demonstrate that exploring different efficient architecture designs and self-attention mechanisms can lead to interesting new building blocks for TinyML applications.