Gravitational Waves with Dark Energy

TL;DR

This paper investigates how dark energy influences gravitational waves, showing it slightly affects early universe waves but significantly reduces their amplitude during matter domination, with implications for cosmological observations.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of tensor mode equations with dark energy's dynamic effects, highlighting its impact on gravitational wave amplitudes across cosmic eras.

Findings

Dark energy slightly affects tensor modes during radiation era

Dark energy reduces GW amplitude by up to 60% during matter era

Implications for gravitational wave detection and cosmology

Abstract

In this article, we study the tensor mode equation of perturbation in the presence of nonzero-Lambda as dark energy, the dynamic nature of which depends on the Hubble parameter H and/or its time derivative. Dark energy, according to the total vacuum contribution, has a slight effect during the radiation-dominated era, but it reduces the squared amplitude of gravitational waves (GWs) up to 60% for the wavelengths that enter the horizon during the matter-dominated era.