Global dynamics for a class of discrete fractional epidemic model with reaction-diffusion

TL;DR

This paper develops and analyzes a discrete fractional reaction-diffusion epidemic model using nonstandard finite difference schemes, ensuring positivity, stability, and memory effects consistent with continuous fractional systems, supported by numerical validation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel discrete fractional epidemic model with reaction-diffusion, employing nonstandard finite difference schemes to preserve key properties and incorporate memory effects.

Findings

The proposed schemes maintain positivity and stability of the model.

Global boundedness and equilibrium stability are established.

Numerical results confirm theoretical properties.

Abstract

In recent years, discrete fractional epidemic models with reaction-diffusion have become increasingly popular in the literature, not only for its necessity of numerical simulation, but also for its defined physical processes. In this paper, by second order central difference scheme and L1 nonstandard finite difference scheme, a discrete counterpart of time-fractional reaction-diffusion epidemic model with generalized incidence rate is considered. More importantly, the main idea in choosing an nonstandard finite difference scheme is to obtain unconditionally positivity in the proposed system, which leads to the proposal of the discrete epidemic model with time delay. Furthermore, the global properties of the proposed discrete system are studied, including the global boundedness of positive solutions, the existence and the global stability of equilibrium points, which are consistent with the corresponding continuous systems. Meanwhile, it shows that L1 nonstandard finite difference scheme and second order central difference scheme can keep the properties of the corresponding continuous system well. It is worth noting that, different from discrete epidemic model with integer-order, the memory Lyapunov function is constructed in this paper, which depends on the previous historical information of the proposed system. This is consistent with the non-local property of Caputo fractional derivatives. Finally, numerical results are given to verify the theoretical results.