Word-Embeddings Distinguish Denominal and Root-Derived Verbs in Semitic

TL;DR

This paper investigates whether Hebrew word embeddings encode morphological distinctions between denominal and root-derived verbs, finding that multiple models successfully capture these semantic relationships, supporting the idea that embeddings reflect complex morphological semantics.

Contribution

It provides empirical evidence that Hebrew word embeddings encode morphological distinctions between denominal and root-derived verbs, validating the two-level morphological hypothesis.

Findings

Embeddings encode semantic relationships consistent with morphological derivation.

Four models (fastText, GloVe, Word2Vec, AlephBERT) verify the hypothesis.

Embeddings reflect complex morphological semantic properties.

Abstract

Proponents of the Distributed Morphology framework have posited the existence of two levels of morphological word formation: a lower one, leading to loose input-output semantic relationships; and an upper one, leading to tight input-output semantic relationships. In this work, we propose to test the validity of this assumption in the context of Hebrew word embeddings. If the two-level hypothesis is borne out, we expect state-of-the-art Hebrew word embeddings to encode (1) a noun, (2) a denominal derived from it (via an upper-level operation), and (3) a verb related to the noun (via a lower-level operation on the noun's root), in such a way that the denominal (2) should be closer in the embedding space to the noun (1) than the related verb (3) is to the same noun (1). We report that this hypothesis is verified by four embedding models of Hebrew: fastText, GloVe, Word2Vec and AlephBERT. This suggests that word embedding models are able to capture complex and fine-grained semantic properties that are morphologically motivated.