Nucleosynthesis in the Cosmos: What we think we know and forthcoming questions

TL;DR

This paper reviews current understanding of nucleosynthesis in the universe, discusses hypotheses about element formation, and outlines future observational and theoretical research directions to deepen knowledge and resolve existing uncertainties.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of nucleosynthesis processes and proposes future multi-faceted research strategies combining observations and models.

Findings

Current models explain many nucleosynthesis processes

Future observations will refine understanding of element formation

New questions are expected to emerge from upcoming research

Abstract

We present what we know on nucleosynthesis in the Universe and hypotheses that have been made in this regard. A brief description of the Universe's evolution during its different stages is offered, indicating which are the periods and mechanisms of element formation. A critical prospective on future research is formulated to validate, modify, or reject the hypotheses formulated. These will involve joint observations that encompass finer measurements of cosmic background radiation, galaxy clusters, and gravitational waves produced by neutron star collisions. The information thus obtained will be combined with restrictions given by theoretical models. Perhaps many current doubts will be clarified, but new questions will arise.