Branching States as The Emergent Structure of a Quantum Universe

TL;DR

This paper proves that the branching structure of quantum states is uniquely compatible with classical emergence via Quantum Darwinism, especially when quantum discord is zero or nearly zero, refining previous bounds.

Contribution

It establishes that the branching structure is the only compatible form with classical phenomenology, improving bounds and analyzing cases with small but nonzero discord.

Findings

Branching states are the only compatible structure with zero discord.

Near-branching states approximate classical behavior with low entanglement.

Results improve previous bounds on the emergence of classicality in quantum systems.

Abstract

Quantum Darwinism builds on decoherence theory to explain the emergence of classical behavior in a fundamentally quantum universe. Within this framework we prove two crucial insights about the emergence of classical phenomenology, centered around quantum discord as the measure of quantumness of correlations. First, we show that the so-called branching structure of the joint state of the system and environment is the only one compatible with zero discord. Second, we prove that for small but nonzero discord and for good but not perfect decoherence, the structure of the globally pure state must be arbitrarily close to the branching form, with each branch exhibiting low entanglement. Our results significantly improve on previous bounds and reinforce the existing evidence that this class of branching states is the only one compatible with the emergence of classical phenomenology, as described by Quantum Darwinism.