Novel microfluidic strategy for the production of sodium alginate fibers with regular inclusions at very high throughput

TL;DR

This paper presents a scalable in-air microfluidic method for producing uniform sodium alginate fibers with regular inclusions at very high throughput, suitable for biomedical applications.

Contribution

Introduction of a novel high-throughput in-air microfluidic technique for producing complex alginate fibers with controlled size and inclusions.

Findings

Achieved production throughput of over 1400 ml/h.

Produced fibers with diameters between 73 and 141 micrometers.

Demonstrated ability to incorporate various liquid inclusions.

Abstract

Scalable technologies for the production of bio-compatible complex microfibers with controllable size and composition at competitively high throughput are urgently needed in order to meet the growing demand for such microstructures in pharmaceutical or biomedical applications. Here, we introduce a new in-air microfluidic strategy with throughput of > 1400 ml/h (corresponding to > 17000 m fiber per h). The microfibers of uniform diameter have regular inclusions, which can potentially be used for encapsulating cells into a protecting and nutrient environment, or for finely tuning the release of various actives at individualized doses. With the help of a newly developed prototype, we test seven different liquid combinations and obtain seven types of fibers, whose "dry" diameter range between 73um and 141um. The principle of our approach is to solidify the complex liquid structures generated by the controlled collisions of a drop stream with a continuous liquid jet, in air, via ionic crosslinking. After the stream of water-based droplets, which constitute the inclusions, collides in-air with the alginate-based jet (jet 1), the generated "drops-in-jet" compound is brought in contact with a second jet (jet 2) containing divalent strontium or calcium cations to initiate the solidification. Finally, the fibers are collected via a horizontal spinning plate, let to dry, i.e. to fully equilibrate under controlled conditions, and characterized by their elongation at break and Young's modulus.