First observation of correlations between spin and transverse momenta in back-to-back dihadron production at CLAS12

TL;DR

This paper presents the first measurements of spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries in back-to-back dihadron production in deep inelastic scattering, revealing correlations between spin and transverse momenta and introducing a new way to study nucleonic structure.

Contribution

It reports the first observation of spin-momentum correlations in dihadron production, accessing a previously unmeasured fracture function related to nucleon structure.

Findings

Non-zero $ ext{sin}\Delta ext{phi}$ modulations observed

Evidence of significant spin-transverse momentum correlations

First experimental access to a leading-twist fracture function

Abstract

We report the first measurements of deep inelastic scattering spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries in back-to-back dihadron electroproduction, where two hadrons are produced in opposite hemispheres along the z-axis in the center-of-mass frame, with the first hadron produced in the current-fragmentation region and the second in the target-fragmentation region. The data were taken with longitudinally polarized electron beams of 10.2 and 10.6 GeV incident on an unpolarized liquid-hydrogen target using the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Lab. Observed non-zero $\sin\Delta\phi$ modulations in $ep \rightarrow e'p\pi^+X$ events, where $\Delta\phi$ is the difference of the azimuthal angles of the proton and pion in the virtual photon and target nucleon center-of-mass frame, indicate that correlations between the spin and transverse momenta of hadrons produced in the target- and current-fragmentation regions may be significant. The measured beam-spin asymmetries provide a first access in dihadron production to a previously unobserved leading-twist spin- and transverse-momentum-dependent fracture function. The fracture functions describe the hadronization of the target remnant after the hard scattering of a virtual photon off a quark in the target particle and provide a new avenue for studying nucleonic structure and hadronization.