The role of jets in exploding supernovae and in shaping their remnants

TL;DR

Jets play a crucial role in powering core collapse supernovae, shaping their ejecta, and influencing their lightcurves, with different jet mechanisms explaining various supernova types and their remnants.

Contribution

This review highlights the significance of jets in supernova explosions, emphasizing the jittering jets mechanism and the impact of binary interactions, which are novel perspectives in supernova modeling.

Findings

Jets are central to most CCSN explosions.

Jet shaping explains remnant morphologies similar to planetary nebulae.

Jets influence supernova lightcurve features and pre-explosion outbursts.

Abstract

I review studies of core collapse supernovae (CCSNe) and similar transient events that attribute major roles to jets in powering most CCSNe and in shaping their ejecta. I start with reviewing the jittering jets explosion mechanism that I take to power most CCSN explosions. Neutrino heating does play a role in boosting the jets. I compare the morphologies of some CCSN remnants to planetary nebulae to conclude that jets and instabilities are behind the shaping of their ejecta. I then discuss CCSNe that are descendants of rapidly rotating collapsing cores that result in fixed-axis jets (with small jittering) that shape bipolar ejecta. A large fraction of the bipolar CCSNe are superluminous supernovae (SLSNe). I conclude that modelling of SLSNe lightcurves and bumps in the lightcurves must include jets, even when considering energetic magnetars and/or ejecta interaction with the circumstellar matter (CSM). I connect the properties of bipolar CCSNe to common envelope jets supernovae (CEJSNe) where an old neutron star or a black hole spirals-in inside the envelope and then inside the core of a red supergiant. I discuss how jets can shape the pre-explosion CSM, as in supernova 1987A, and can power pre-explosion outbursts (precursors) in binary systems progenitors of CCSNe and CEJSNe. Binary interaction facilitate also the launching of post-explosion jets.