Primordial black holes induced stochastic axion-photon oscillations in primordial magnetic field

TL;DR

This paper explores how primordial black holes can produce axion-like particles that oscillate with photons in cosmic magnetic fields, potentially affecting cosmic backgrounds and providing new insights into early Universe phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of ALP-photon oscillations induced by PBHs in stochastic cosmic magnetic fields, a novel scenario not extensively studied before.

Findings

ALP-photon oscillation probabilities depend on magnetic field models.

Stochastic magnetic fields significantly influence oscillation behavior.

Potential impacts on cosmic microwave, X-ray, and gamma-ray backgrounds.

Abstract

Primordial black holes (PBHs) can be produced in the very early Universe due to the large density fluctuations. The cosmic background of axion-like particles (ALPs) could be non-thermally generated by PBHs. In this paper, we investigate the ALPs emitted by ultra-light PBHs with the mass range $10 \, {\rm g} \lesssim M_{\rm PBH} \lesssim 10^9 \, \rm g$, in which PBHs would have completely evaporated before the start of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and can therefore not be directly constrained. In this case, the minimal scenario that ALPs could interact only with photons is supposed. We study the stochastic oscillations between the ALPs and photons in the cosmic magnetic field in detail. The primordial magnetic field (PMF) can be modelled as the stochastic background field model with the completely non-homogeneous component of the cosmic plasma. Using the latest stringent limits on PMF, we show the numerical results of ALP-photon oscillation probability distributions with the homogeneous and stochastic magnetic field scenarios. The PBH-induced stochastic ALP-photon oscillations in the PMF may have the effects on some further phenomena, such as the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the cosmic X-ray background (CXB), and the extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGB).