Reformulation of the twist-3 gluon Sivers effect toward the application to the heavy quarkonium production

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new calculation method for the twist-3 gluon Sivers effect that overcomes previous limitations in heavy quarkonium production, enabling better exploration of gluon spin asymmetries.

Contribution

A novel calculation approach for the twist-3 gluon Sivers effect applicable to heavy quarkonium production within the NRQCD framework.

Findings

The new method reproduces known results from pole calculation.

It extends the applicability of twist-3 calculations to heavy quarkonium.

The approach addresses previous issues in applying pole calculation to NRQCD processes.

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a new calculation method for the twist-3 gluon Sivers effect within the collinear factorization approach. The method called pole calculation has been used to derive the cross section formula for the single transverse-spin asymmetry(SSA) as a standard method. We point out that we encounter a problem when we try to apply the pole calculation to the SSA in the heavy quarkonium production whose hadronization mechanism is described by non-relativistic QCD(NRQCD) framework. We show that the new calculation method solves this problem and successfully reproduces known results derived by the pole calculation. Our new method extends the applicability of the twist-3 calculation technique to heavy quarkonium productions which are ideal observables for the investigation of the gluon Sivers effect.