Conservation of correlation in measurement underlying the violation of Bell inequalities and a game of joint mapping

TL;DR

This paper proposes a model where continuous-valued hidden variables preserve correlation in quantum measurements, explaining Bell inequality violations, and introduces a game illustrating the fundamental non-classical nature of quantum correlations.

Contribution

It constructs a model with continuous hidden variables that preserve correlation, offering a new perspective on why quantum measurements violate Bell inequalities.

Findings

Continuous c-valued spin variables can replicate quantum correlations.

Conservation of correlation explains Bell inequality violations.

Quantum strategies outperform classical in the proposed game.

Abstract

What compels quantum measurement to violate the Bell inequalities? Suppose that regardless of measurement, one can assign to a spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ particle (qubit) a definite value of spin, called c-valued spin variable, but, it may take any continuous real number. Suppose further that measurement maps the c-valued spin variable from the continuous range of possible values onto the binary standard quantum spin values $\pm 1$ while preserving the bipartite correlation. Here, we show that such c-valued spin variables can indeed be constructed. In this model, one may therefore argue that it is the requirement of conservation of correlation which compels quantum measurement to violate the Bell inequalities when the prepared state is entangled. We then discuss a statistical game which captures the model of measurement, wherein two parties are asked to independently map a specific ensemble of pairs of real numbers onto pairs of binary numbers $\pm 1$, under the requirement that the correlation is preserved. The conservation of correlation forces the game to respect the Bell theorem, which implies that there is a class of games no classical (i.e., local and deterministic) strategy can ever win. On the other hand, a quantum strategy with an access to an ensemble of entangled spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ particles and circuits for local quantum spin measurement, can be used to win the game.