Double Mode Cepheids from the Zwicky Transient Facility Survey

TL;DR

This paper reports the discovery of 72 new double-mode Cepheids in the Milky Way using Zwicky Transient Facility data, enhancing the known sample and demonstrating the survey's effectiveness for stellar pulsation studies.

Contribution

The study presents a comprehensive search for double-mode Cepheids in the northern sky, identifying 72 new objects and comparing their properties with existing catalogs, thereby expanding the known population.

Findings

72 new double-mode Cepheids discovered in the Milky Way.

Period ratios are consistent with known Cepheid populations.

Sample completeness is approximately 71%, with potential for more discoveries.

Abstract

Multi-mode Cepheids pulsate simultaneously in more than one mode of oscillation. They provide an independent means to test stellar models and pulsation theories. They can also be used to derive metallicities. In recent years, the number of known multi-mode Cepheids has increased dramatically with the discovery of a large number of Galactic double-mode Cepheids. To date, 209 double-mode Cepheids have been detected in the Galactic bulge and disk, mostly based on the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment's (OGLE) catalog. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive search for double-mode Cepheids in the northern sky based on Zwicky Transient Facility Data Release 5. We found 72 such objects in the Milky Way. The periods of the 30 sample objects already included in the OGLE catalog show excellent agreement with the OGLE periods. The period ratios of our new Cepheids are consistent with those of known double-mode Cepheids, as evidenced by their loci in the so-called `Petersen diagram'. Compared with OGLE, the completeness of our double-mode Cepheid sample is around 71\%. The much improved temporal sampling of the Zwicky Transient Facility offers significant scope to find more double-mode Cepheids, especially at the distribution's short-period end.