Semiquantum secret sharing by using x-type states

TL;DR

This paper introduces a semiquantum secret sharing protocol using x-type states, enabling classical parties to securely share a quantum secret with robustness against eavesdropping, without complex quantum operations.

Contribution

It presents a novel SQSS protocol based solely on x-type states, simplifying implementation and enhancing security compared to existing methods.

Findings

Protocol is robust against eavesdroppers.

Requires only one type of entangled state.

Does not need prior private key sharing.

Abstract

In this paper, a semiquantum secret sharing (SQSS) protocol based on x-type states is proposed, which can accomplish the goal that only when two classical communicants cooperate together can they extract the shared secret key of a quantum communicant. Detailed security analysis turns out that this protocol is completely robust against an eavesdropper. This protocol has some merits: (1) it only requires one kind of quantum entangled state as the initial quantum resource; (2) it doesn't employ quantum entanglement swapping or unitary operations; and (3) it needn't share private keys among different participants beforehand.