Sensor Deployment and Link Analysis in Satellite IoT Systems for Wildfire Detection

TL;DR

This paper proposes a satellite IoT-based wildfire detection system using ground sensor deployment and analyzes its communication and economic benefits through simulations, aiming to improve early detection and reduce carbon emissions.

Contribution

It introduces an optimal sensor placement strategy and analyzes satellite communication requirements for wildfire detection using NB-IoT technology.

Findings

Optimal sensor placement improves wildfire detection efficiency.

Satellite communication bandwidth requirements are quantified.

Economic benefits of early wildfire detection are demonstrated.

Abstract

Climate change has been identified as one of the most critical threats to human civilization and sustainability. Wildfires, which produce huge amounts of carbon emission, are both drivers and results of climate change. An early and timely wildfire detection system can constrain fires to short and small ones and yield significant carbon reduction. In this paper, we propose to use ground sensor deployment and satellite Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for wildfire detection by taking advantage of satellites' ubiquitous global coverage. We first develop an optimal IoT sensor placement strategy based on fire ignition and detection models. Then, we analyze the uplink satellite communication budget and the bandwidth required for wildfire detection under the narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) radio interface. Finally, we conduct simulations on the California wildfire database and quantify the potential economical benefits by factoring in carbon emission reductions and sensor/bandwidth costs.