Review of Energy Transition Policies in Singapore, London, and California

TL;DR

This paper reviews the renewable energy policies and development in Singapore, London, and California, highlighting their stages in energy transition based on geographic and policy factors.

Contribution

It provides a comparative analysis of energy transition stages in three major regions, offering insights into policy impacts and regional differences.

Findings

Singapore at the primary stage of energy transition

London at the intermediate stage of renewable development

California at the advanced stage of renewable energy adoption

Abstract

The paper contains the online supplementary materials for "Data-Driven Prediction and Evaluation on Future Impact of Energy Transition Policies in Smart Regions". We review the renewable energy development and policies in the three metropolitan cities/regions over recent decades. Depending on the geographic variations in the types and quantities of renewable energy resources and the levels of policymakers' commitment to carbon neutrality, we classify Singapore, London, and California as case studies at the primary, intermediate, and advanced stages of the renewable energy transition, respectively.