Entangled X-ray Photon Pair Generation by Free Electron Lasers

TL;DR

This paper develops a theoretical framework for generating highly entangled X-ray photon pairs using free electron lasers, demonstrating their advantages over traditional sources for quantum optics applications.

Contribution

It introduces a novel theory for coherently amplified entangled X-ray photon emission from FELs, expanding quantum optics capabilities at X-ray wavelengths.

Findings

Numerical demonstration of entangled emission properties

Proposed scheme for high-quality entangled X-ray photon pairs

FELs offer advantages over synchrotrons in entangled photon generation

Abstract

Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen's prediction on incompleteness of quantum mechanics was overturned by experimental tests on Bell's inequality that confirmed the existence of quantum entanglement. In X-ray optics, entangled photon pairs can be generated by X-ray parametric down conversion (XPDC), which has certain wavelength window. Meanwhile, free electron laser (FEL) has successfully lased at X-ray frequencies recently. However, FEL is usually seen as a classical light source, and its quantum effects are considered minor corrections to the classical theory. Here we investigate entangled X-ray photon pair emissions in FEL. We establish a theory for coherently amplified entangled photon pair emission from microbunched electron pulses in the undulator. We numerically demonstrate the properties of entangled emission, and provide a scheme to generate highly entangled X-ray photon pairs, which is of great importance in X-ray quantum optics. Our work shows a unique advantage of FELs over synchrotrons in entangled X-ray photon pair generation.