Pion spectral properties above the chiral crossover of QCD

TL;DR

This paper develops a method to extract spectral functions from lattice QCD data at finite temperature, revealing the persistence and melting of pion states above the chiral crossover.

Contribution

It introduces a non-perturbative spectral function representation at finite temperature and applies it to lattice QCD data to identify pion states above the chiral transition.

Findings

Evidence for a pion state above the chiral pseudo-critical temperature

Observation of the gradual melting of the pion excitation with increasing temperature

Successful reproduction of lattice correlator data at T=220 MeV

Abstract

Spectral functions encode a wealth of information about the dynamics of any given system, and the determination of their non-perturbative characteristics is a long-standing problem in quantum field theory. Whilst numerical simulations of lattice QCD provide ample data for various Euclidean correlation functions, the inversion required to extract spectral functions is an ill-posed problem. In this work, we pursue previously established constraints imposed by field locality at finite temperature $T$, namely that spectral functions possess a non-perturbative representation which generalises the well-known K\"{a}ll\'{e}n-Lehmann spectral form to $T>0$. Using this representation, we analyse lattice QCD data of the spatial pseudo-scalar correlator in the temperature range $220-960 \, \text{MeV}$, and obtain an analytic expression for the corresponding spectral function, with parameters fixed by the data. From the structure of this spectral function we find evidence for the existence of a distinct pion state above the chiral pseudo-critical temperature $T_{\text{pc}}$, and contributions from its first excitation, which gradually melt as the temperature increases. As a non-trivial test, we find that the extracted spectral function reproduces the corresponding temporal lattice correlator data for $T=220 \, \text{MeV}$.