Sensitivity of the $\eta^{(\prime)}\to\pi^{0}\gamma\gamma$ and $\eta^{\prime}\to\eta\gamma\gamma$ decays to a sub-GeV leptophobic $U(1)_{B}$ boson

TL;DR

This paper investigates how rare meson decays can reveal or constrain a hypothetical leptophobic $B$ boson in the MeV-GeV range, finding that detection is challenging within certain mass windows but possible outside them.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of rare meson decays incorporating a $B$-boson resonance, improving constraints on its mass and coupling, and assesses experimental detectability.

Findings

Resonant $B$-boson signatures are suppressed in the $m_{ ext{π}^0} o m_{ ext{η}}$ mass range.

Limits outside the resonant window are less strict, allowing potential detection of nonresonant signatures.

Experimental data from $ ext{η}^{( ext{')} }$ decays can probe larger $B$-boson masses.

Abstract

The sensitivity of the rare decays $\eta^{(\prime)}\to\pi^{0}\gamma\gamma$ and $\eta^{\prime}\to\eta\gamma\gamma$ to signatures of a leptophobic $B$ boson in the MeV-GeV mass range is analyzed in this work. By adding an explicit $B$-boson resonance exchange, $\eta\to B\gamma\to\pi^{0}\gamma\gamma$, to the Standard Model contributions from vector and scalar meson exchanges, and employing experimental data for the associated branching ratios, it allows us to improve the current constraints on the $B$-boson mass $m_{B}$ and coupling to Standard Model particles $\alpha_{B}$. From these constraints and the analysis of the available experimental $\gamma\gamma$ invariant mass distribution, we show that a $B$-boson signature in the resonant mass range $m_{\pi^{0}}\lesssim m_{B}\lesssim m_{\eta}$ is strongly suppressed and would be very difficult to experimentally identify, assuming that the leptophobic $B$ boson only decays to Standard Model particles. In contrast, the limits outside this mass window are less stringent and the corresponding $t$- and $u$-channel signatures may still be observable in the data, as it occurs with the nonresonant Standard Model $\rho$, $\omega$ and $\phi$ meson exchanges. In addition, we make use of experimental data from the $\eta^{\prime}\to\pi^{0}\gamma\gamma$ and $\eta^{\prime}\to\eta\gamma\gamma$ decays to explore larger $B$-boson masses. Our results are relevant for the $B$-boson search programs at existing and forthcoming light-meson facilities, such as KLOE(-II) and Jefferson Lab Eta Factory experiments.