Nonequilibrium Casimir-Lifshitz force and anomalous radiation heating of a small particle

TL;DR

This paper investigates the nonequilibrium Casimir-Lifshitz forces and anomalous heating effects on a small metal particle moving near a metal surface, revealing temperature, velocity, and distance-dependent phenomena including heat flux reversal.

Contribution

It provides a detailed theoretical analysis of nonequilibrium Casimir-Lifshitz interactions and predicts novel effects like heat flux reversal and temperature-dependent friction forces.

Findings

Heat flux can reverse direction under certain conditions.

Friction force exhibits a peak at low temperatures.

A hot particle can gain heat from a cold surface.

Abstract

This paper presents the results of calculating Casimir-Lifshitz friction force and heating rate of a small metal particle moving above a metal surface (thick plate) in the case of their different local temperatures. The case of normal nonmagnetic metals (Au) is considered. There is a strong interplay of temperatures, particle velocity and separation distance resulting in an anomalous direction of the heat flux between the bodies and a peak temperature dependence of the friction force at sufficiently low temperatures. In particular, a hot moving particle can additionally receive heat from a cold surface. The conditions for experimental measurement of these effects are discussed.