Topological Josephson parametric amplifier array: A proposal for directional, broadband, and low-noise amplification

TL;DR

This paper proposes a topological Josephson parametric amplifier array that achieves broadband, directional, and low-noise amplification by exploiting topological effects to enhance performance and robustness in quantum signal detection.

Contribution

It introduces a novel topological design for Josephson parametric amplifier arrays that provides intrinsic directionality, broadband operation, and robustness against fabrication disorder.

Findings

Achieves >20 dB gain over hundreds of MHz to GHz bandwidth.

Provides >30 dB reverse isolation across all frequencies.

Operates near the quantum noise limit with topological protection.

Abstract

Low-noise microwave amplifiers are crucial for detecting weak signals in fields such as quantum technology and radio astronomy. However, designing an ideal amplifier is challenging, as it must cover a wide frequency range, add minimal noise, and operate directionally - amplifying signals only in the observer's direction while protecting the source from environmental interference. In this work, we demonstrate that an array of non-linearly coupled Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPAs) can collectively function as a directional, broadband quantum amplifier by harnessing topological effects. By applying a collective four-wave-mixing pump with inhomogeneous amplitudes and linearly increasing phase, we break time-reversal symmetry in the JPA array and stabilize a topological amplification regime where signals are exponentially amplified in one direction and exponentially suppressed in the opposite. We show that compact devices with few sites $N\sim 11-17$ can achieve exceptional performance, with gains exceeding 20 dB over a bandwidth ranging from hundreds of MHz to GHz, and reverse isolation suppressing backward noise by more than 30 dB across all frequencies. The device also operates near the quantum noise limit and provides topological protection against up to 15% fabrication disorder, effectively suppressing gain ripples. The amplifier's intrinsic directionality eliminates the need for external isolators, paving the way for fully on-chip, near-ideal superconducting pre-amplifiers.