Intricacies of formulating measurement-based small signal models of inverter based resources

TL;DR

This paper examines the challenges and considerations in creating accurate measurement-based small signal models of inverter-based resources for power system stability analysis, highlighting potential pitfalls and mitigation strategies.

Contribution

It discusses the specific challenges in modeling three-phase IBRs using measurement-based approaches and offers insights into mitigating inaccuracies in the models.

Findings

Injection signal and model fitting impact accuracy

Phase locked loop and grid impedance influence measurement quality

Proper mitigation improves model reliability

Abstract

The increasing number of inverter based resources (IBRs) connected to modern power systems necessitate accurate modeling of IBRs in stability studies. Measurement-based modeling approaches can create an impedance/admittance model of IBRs to be subsequently used in small signal stability studies. Such measurement-based approaches have previously been successfully used for dc-dc converters but present unique challenges for three-phase IBRs. This paper discusses the choices and challenges that can lead to an incorrect model from measurement-based approaches as well as mitigation mechanisms of the adverse impacts using an illustrative example. A discussion of small signal stability assessment involving such admittance models is also provided. It is seen through the illustrative example shown that the injection signal and the model fitting procedure, the phase locked loop used for the measurement device, and the grid impedance may impact the accuracy of the measurement-based admittance model of the IBRs.