The expanded Maxwell's equations for a mechano-driven media system that moves with acceleration

TL;DR

This paper extends Maxwell's equations to account for media that move with acceleration, addressing limitations of classical theory which assumes constant velocity, and is relevant for engineering applications involving dynamic media.

Contribution

The paper develops an expanded form of Maxwell's equations for media with acceleration, neglecting relativistic effects, to better describe electrodynamics in practical, finite-sized media systems.

Findings

Derived new equations for media with acceleration

Showed classical Maxwell's equations are insufficient for accelerating media

Validated the extended equations through theoretical analysis

Abstract

In classical electrodynamics, by motion for either the observer or the media, it always naturally assumed that the relative moving velocity is a constant along a straight line (e.g., in inertia reference frame), so that the electromagnetic behavior of charged particles in vacuum space can be easily described using special relativity. However, for engineering applications, the media have shapes and sizes and may move with acceleration, and recent experimental progresses in triboelectric nanogenerators have revealed evidences for expanding the Maxwell's equations to include media motion that could be time and even space dependent. Therefore, we have developed the expanded Maxwell's equations for a mechano-driven media system (MEs-f-MDMS) by neglecting relativistic effect. This article first presents the updated progresses made in the field. Secondly, we extensively investigated the Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction for a media system that moves with an acceleration. We concluded that, the newly developed MEs-f-MDMS are required for describing the electrodynamics inside a media that has a finite size and volume and move with and even without acceleration. The classical Maxwell's equations are to describe the electrodynamics in vacuum space when the media in the nearby are moving.