EEG-Based Detection of Braking Intention During Simulated Driving

TL;DR

This study develops an EEG-based system to detect drivers' braking intentions in simulated driving, demonstrating high accuracy in distinguishing emergency braking from no braking, which can enhance driver-assistance systems.

Contribution

Introduces a novel EEG-based measurement strategy for braking intention detection using simulated driving and compares classifiers for improved prediction accuracy.

Findings

Emergency braking response time averaged 762 ms.

Emergency braking and no braking are distinguishable via EEG.

Normal braking and no braking are less distinguishable.

Abstract

Accurately detecting and identifying drivers' braking intention is the basis of man-machine driving. In this paper, we proposed an electroencephalographic (EEG)-based braking intention measurement strategy. We used the Car Learning to Act (Carla) platform to build the simulated driving environment. 11 subjects participated in our study, and each subject drove a simulated vehicle to complete emergency braking and normal braking tasks. We compared the EEG topographic maps in different braking situations and used three different classifiers to predict the subjects' braking intention through EEG signals. The experimental results showed that the average response time of subjects in emergency braking was 762 ms; emergency braking and no braking can be well distinguished, while normal braking and no braking were not easy to be classified; for the two different types of braking, emergency braking and normal braking had obvious differences in EEG topographic maps, and the classification results also showed that the two were highly distinguishable. This study provides a user-centered driver-assistance system and a good framework to combine with advanced shared control algorithms, which has the potential to be applied to achieve a more friendly interaction between the driver and vehicle in real driving environment.