The evolution of the galaxy UV luminosity function at redshifts z ~ 8-15 from deep JWST and ground-based near-infrared imaging

TL;DR

This study uses JWST and ground-based near-infrared imaging to measure the evolving galaxy UV luminosity function at redshifts 8 to 15, revealing a steady decline in star formation rate density and identifying a galaxy candidate at z ≈ 16.4.

Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive measurement of the UV luminosity function from z=8 to 15 using combined JWST and ground data, confirming a double power-law shape and identifying a record-breaking galaxy at z≈16.4.

Findings

UV luminosity function best described by a double power-law up to z~10

Steady decline in UV luminosity density up to z~15

Discovery of a galaxy candidate at z≈16.4

Abstract

We reduce and analyse the available James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) ERO and ERS NIRCam imaging (SMACS0723, GLASS, CEERS) in combination with the latest deep ground-based near-infrared imaging in the COSMOS field (provided by UltraVISTA DR5) to produce a new measurement of the evolving galaxy UV luminosity function (LF) over the redshift range $z = 8 - 15$. This yields a new estimate of the evolution of UV luminosity density ($\rho_{\rm UV}$), and hence cosmic star-formation rate density ($\rho_{\rm SFR}$) out to within $< 300$\, Myr of the Big Bang. Our results confirm that the high-redshift LF is best described by a double power-law (rather than a Schechter) function up to $z\sim10$, and that the LF and the resulting derived $\rho_{\rm UV}$ (and thus $\rho_{\rm SFR}$), continues to decline gradually and steadily up to $z\sim15$ (as anticipated from previous studies which analysed the pre-existing data in a consistent manner to this study). We provide details of the 61 high-redshift galaxy candidates, 47 of which are new, that have enabled this new analysis. Our sample contains 6 galaxies at $z \ge 12$, one of which appears to set a new redshift record as an apparently robust galaxy candidate at $z \simeq 16.4$, the properties of which we therefore consider in detail. The advances presented here emphasize the importance of achieving high dynamic range in studies of early galaxy evolution, and re-affirm the enormous potential of forthcoming larger JWST programmes to transform our understanding of the young Universe.