Electric double layers with modulated surface charge density: Exact 2D results

TL;DR

This paper provides exact 2D results for electric double layers with modulated surface charge density, revealing how charge inhomogeneity affects particle density profiles and pressure, especially at specific coupling constants.

Contribution

It introduces an exact analytical approach for 2D Coulomb systems with modulated surface charge, extending the contact value theorem and analyzing the effects on particle density and pressure.

Findings

Charge inhomogeneity enhances counterion density at the surface.

Surface charge modulation reduces the pressure between two lines.

Exact formulas are obtained for the particle density and pressure at coupling b3=2.

Abstract

Electric double layers (EDL) with counterions only, say electrons with the elementary charge $-e$, in thermal equilibrium at the inverse temperature $\beta$ are considered. In particular, we study the effect of the surface charge modulation on the particle number density profile and the pressure. The mobile particles are constrained to the surface of a 2D cylinder and immersed in vacuum (no dielectric image charges). An EDL corresponds to the end-circle of the cylinder which carries a (fixed) position-dependent line charge density. The geometries of one single EDL and two EDLs at distance $d$ are considered; the particle density profile is studied for both geometries, the effective interaction of two EDLs is given by the particle pressure on either of the line walls. For any coupling constant $\Gamma\equiv \beta e^2 = 2\times {\rm integer}$, there exists a mapping of the 2D one-component Coulomb system onto the 1D interacting anticommuting-field theory defined on a chain of sites. Using specific transformation symmetries of anticommuting variables, the contact value theorem is generalized to the EDL with modulated line charge density. For the free-fermion coupling $\Gamma=2$ it is shown that, under certain conditions, the matrix of interaction strengths between anticommuting variables diagonalizes itself which permits one to obtain exact formulas for the particle density profile as well as the pressure. The obtained results confirm the previous indications of weak-coupling and Monte Carlo observations that the surface charge inhomogeneity implies an enhancement of the counterion density at the contact with the charged line and a diminution of the pressure between two parallel lines in comparison with the uniformly charged ones (with the same mean charge densities).