Distributed Coordination of Charging Stations with Shared Energy Storage in a Distribution Network

TL;DR

This paper proposes a distributed coordination mechanism for shared energy storage among EV charging stations, optimizing grid impact reduction and cost efficiency through equilibrium modeling and convergence-guaranteed algorithms.

Contribution

It introduces a novel equilibrium model and a distributed coordination algorithm for managing shared energy storage in EV charging networks, ensuring optimality and convergence.

Findings

The equilibrium aligns with centralized optimization results.

The proposed mechanism converges reliably in simulations.

Shared energy storage reduces grid impact effectively.

Abstract

Electric vehicle (EV) charging stations have experienced rapid growth, whose impacts on the power grid have become non-negligible. Though charging stations can install energy storage to reduce their impacts on the grid, the conventional "one charging station, one energy storage" method may be uneconomical due to the high upfront cost of energy storage. Shared energy storage can be a potential solution. However, effective management of charging stations with shared energy storage in a distribution network is challenging due to the complex coupling, competing interests, and information asymmetry between different agents. To address the aforementioned challenges, this paper first proposes an equilibrium model to characterize the interaction among charging stations, shared energy storage, and the distribution network. We prove that the equilibrium coincides with the centralized optimization result with trading prices equaling the value of dual variables at optimum. Then, to achieve the efficient equilibrium, a distributed coordination mechanism with a prediction and a correction step is developed to guide the behaviors of different agents with proof of convergence. Numerical experiments and comprehensive performance comparisons are conducted to validate the theoretical results and show the advantages of the proposed mechanism.