Photons' scattering in a relativistic plasma with velocity shear: generation of high energy power-law spectra

TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel photon acceleration mechanism in relativistic plasmas with velocity shear, naturally producing high-energy power-law spectra that match observations of astrophysical phenomena like GRBs.

Contribution

It introduces a new photon acceleration process in relativistic shear flows, offering an alternative explanation for high-energy spectra in astrophysics.

Findings

The model reproduces observed photon spectral indices in GRB prompt emission.

Photon spectra naturally develop power-law shapes through repeated scattering.

The mechanism links jet structure to observed high-energy spectral features.

Abstract

A high energy power law is a common feature in the spectra of many astrophysical objects. We show that the photons in a relativistic plasma with a variable Lorentz factor go through repeated scattering with electrons to gain energy. The escaped population of photons naturally produces a power-law-shaped spectrum making it an anisotropic analogue to the conventional Fermi acceleration mechanism of charged particles. Thus, this mechanism provides a natural alternative to current explanations of high energy power-law spectra via synchrotron or thermal Comptonization. The model is applicable to any relativistic plasma beam with an arbitrary Lorentz factor profile. We implement the theory to GRB prompt phase and show that the obtained range of the photon indices is compatible with the observed values. Therefore, the observed high energy spectral indices provide a unique indicator of the jet structure.