Dirac-boson stars

TL;DR

This paper introduces Dirac-boson stars composed of scalar and Dirac fields, exploring their solution families, characteristics, and relationships between mass, frequencies, and binding energy, revealing novel solutions not seen in previous multistate boson star studies.

Contribution

It constructs and analyzes Dirac-boson star models with scalar and Dirac fields, identifying new solution families and their properties, expanding the understanding of multistate compact objects.

Findings

Multiple solution families depending on parameters

Distinct characteristics for synchronized and nonsynchronized frequencies

New solutions not found in previous multistate boson star research

Abstract

In this paper, we construct \textit{Dirac-boson stars} (DBSs) model composed of a scalar field and two Dirac fields. The scalar field and both Dirac fields are in the ground state. We consider the solution families of the DBSs for the synchronized frequency $\tilde{\omega}$ and the nonsynchronized frequency $\tilde{\omega}_D$ cases, respectively. We find several different solutions when the Dirac mass $\tilde{\mu}_D$ and scalar field frequency $\tilde{\omega}_S$ are taken in some particular ranges. In contrast, no similar case has been found in previous studies of multistate boson stars. Moreover, we discuss the characteristics of each type of solution family of the DBSs and present the relationship between the ADM mass $M$ of the DBSs and the synchronized frequency $\tilde{\omega}$ or the nonsynchronized frequency $\tilde{\omega}_D$. Finally, we calculate the binding energy $E_B$ of the DBSs and investigate the relationship of $E_B$ with the synchronized frequency $\tilde{\omega}$ or the nonsynchronized frequency $\tilde{\omega}_D$.