Multi-Source AoI-Constrained Resource Minimization under HARQ: Heterogeneous Sampling Processes

TL;DR

This paper develops and compares transmission scheduling policies for multi-source HARQ systems to minimize transmissions while maintaining a target age of information, using both known and unknown system models.

Contribution

It introduces near-optimal deterministic and low-complexity dynamic policies for known environments and a deep Q-learning based policy for unknown environments, advancing resource-efficient status updating.

Findings

Proposed policies achieve near-optimal performance.

HARQ significantly benefits status updating.

Learning-based policy adapts to unknown system dynamics.

Abstract

We consider a multi-source hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) based system, where a transmitter sends status update packets of random arrival (i.e., uncontrollable sampling) and generate-atwill (i.e., controllable sampling) sources to a destination through an error-prone channel. We develop transmission scheduling policies to minimize the average number of transmissions subject to an average age of information (AoI) constraint. First, we consider known environment (i.e., known system statistics) and develop a near-optimal deterministic transmission policy and a low-complexity dynamic transmission (LC-DT) policy. The former policy is derived by casting the main problem into a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP) problem, which is then solved using the Lagrangian relaxation, relative value iteration algorithm, and bisection. The LC-DT policy is developed via the drift-plus-penalty (DPP) method by transforming the main problem into a sequence of per-slot problems. Finally, we consider unknown environment and devise a learning-based transmission policy by relaxing the CMDP problem into an MDP problem using the DPP method and then adopting the deep Q-learning algorithm. Numerical results show that the proposed policies achieve near-optimal performance and illustrate the benefits of HARQ in status updating.