Simulation analysis with rock muons from atmospheric neutrino interactions in the ICAL detector at INO

TL;DR

This study uses simulations to analyze rock muons produced by atmospheric neutrino interactions in the INO's ICAL detector, showing they can improve measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters despite being less significant than direct neutrino events.

Contribution

The paper introduces a simulation analysis of rock muons in ICAL, demonstrating their potential to enhance precision in neutrino oscillation parameter measurements.

Findings

Rock muons can be distinguished from cosmic muons in the upward direction.

Rock muon events are sensitive to oscillation parameters, with 10% and 27% precision in Δm²₃₂ and sin²θ₂₃.

Combining rock muon data with standard analysis improves ICAL's measurement accuracy.

Abstract

The proposed magnetized Iron CALorimeter detector (ICAL) to be built in the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) laboratory aims to study atmospheric neutrinos and its properties such as precision measurements of oscillation parameters and the neutrino mass hierarchy. High energy charged current (CC) interactions of atmospheric neutrinos with the rock surrounding the detector produce so-called "rock muons" along with hadrons. While the hadron component of these events are absorbed in the rock itself, the rock muons traverse the rock and are detected in the detector. These rock muon events can be distinguished from cosmic muons only in the upward direction and can provide an independent measurement of the oscillation parameters. A simulation study of these events at the ICAL detector shows that, although reduced in significance compared to muons produced in direct CC neutrino interactions with the detector, these events are indeed sensitive to the oscillation parameters, achieving a possible $1\sigma$ precision of 10\% and 27\% in determining $\Delta m_{32}^2$ and $\sin^2\theta_{23}$, respectively. Hence a combination of the standard atmospheric neutrino analysis which is the main goal of ICAL, with these rock muon events, will improve the precision reach of ICAL for these parameters.