The Effect of Sideslip on Jackknife Limits During Low Speed Trailer Operation

TL;DR

This paper analyzes how sideslip affects jackknife limits in low-speed trailer maneuvers, revealing distinct behaviors based on trailer geometry and proposing improved control strategies to avoid unsafe jackknifing states.

Contribution

It introduces a kinematic model incorporating sideslip effects, classifies trailer behaviors based on geometry, and identifies safe versus unsafe jackknife limits for better trailer backing control.

Findings

Long Trailer may not have jackknifing states.

Other categories always have jackknifing states.

Considering slip-based limits improves trailer backing safety.

Abstract

Jackknifing refers to the serious situation where a vehicle-trailer system enters a jackknife state and the vehicle and trailer eventually collide if trailer operation is not corrected. This paper considers low speed trailer maneuvering typical of trailer backing where jackknife state limits can vary due to sideslip caused by physical interaction between the vehicle, trailer, and environment. Analysis of a kinematic model considering sideslip at the vehicle and trailer wheels indicates that vehicle-trailer systems should be divided into three categories based on the ratio of hitch length and trailer tongue length, each with distinct behaviors. The Long Trailer category may have no jackknifing state while the other two categories always have states leading to jackknifing. It is found that jackknife limits, which are the boundaries between the jackknifing state and the recoverable regions, can be divided into safe and unsafe limits, the latter of which must be avoided. Simulations and physical experiments support these results and provide insight about the implications of vehicle and trailer states with slip that lead to jackknifing. Simulations also demonstrate the benefit of considering these new slip-based jackknife limits in trailer backing control.