High-resolution, High-sensitivity, Low-frequency uGMRT View of Coma Cluster of Galaxies

TL;DR

This study uses upgraded GMRT observations to analyze the radio properties of the Coma cluster, revealing detailed morphologies, spectral features, and insights into galaxy infall and merger processes.

Contribution

First high-resolution, high-sensitivity low-frequency radio observations of Coma revealing detailed source morphologies and spectral properties, including diffuse emission and relics, with implications for cluster dynamics.

Findings

Identified 24 Coma-member galaxies with extended radio emission.

Detected a large radio relic and a spectral gradient across NGC 4789.

Radio morphologies suggest galaxies are on their first infall into Coma.

Abstract

We present high-resolution, high-sensitivity upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations of the Coma cluster (A1656) at 250-500 MHz and 550-850 MHz. At 250-500 MHz, 135 sources have extensions $>$ 0.45 arcmin (with peak-to-local-noise ratio $> 4$). Of these, 24 sources are associated with Coma-member galaxies. In addition, we supplement this sample of 24 galaxies with 20 ram pressure stripped galaxies from Chen et al. (2020, eight are included in the original extended radio source sample) and an additional five are detected and extended. We present radio morphologies, radio spectra, spectral index maps, and equipartition properties for these two samples. In general, we find the equipartition properties lie within a narrow range (e.g., $P_{\rm min}$ = 1-3 dynes cm$^{-2}$). Only NGC 4874, one of the two brightest central Coma cluster galaxies, has a central energy density and pressure about five times higher and a radio source age about 50 % lower than that of the other Coma galaxies. We find a diffuse tail of radio emission trailing the dominant galaxy of the merging NGC 4839 group that coincides with the "slingshot" tail, seen in X-rays. The southwestern radio relic, B1253$+$275, has a large extent $\approx$ 32$^\prime$ $\times$ 10$^\prime$ ($\simeq$ 1.08 $\times$ 0.34 Mpc$^2$). For NGC 4789, whose long radio tails merge into the relic and may be a source of its relativistic seed electrons, and we find a transverse radio spectral gradient, a steepening from southwest to northeast across the width of the radio source. Finally, radio morphologies of the extended and RPS samples suggest that these galaxies are on their first infall into Coma on (predominantly) radial orbits.