Afterpulse measurement of JUNO 20-inch PMTs

TL;DR

This paper measures and models the afterpulse characteristics of two types of 20-inch PMTs used in JUNO, providing data crucial for improving detector simulation and data analysis in neutrino detection.

Contribution

It presents the first comprehensive afterpulse measurements and models for JUNO's large PMTs, including both dynode and MCP types, aiding future detector performance optimization.

Findings

Average afterpulse charge ratio is 5.6% for MCP-PMTs and 13.2% for dynode-PMTs.

Built an afterpulse model based on time distribution and occurrence probability.

Results will enhance JUNO's detector simulation and event reconstruction.

Abstract

In this article we present the large photo-multiplier tube (PMT) afterpulse measurement results of Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment. Totally 11 dynode-PMTs (R12860) from Hamamatsu company and 150 micro-channel plate PMTs (MCP-PMTs, GDB-6201) from NNVT company were tested, an afterpulse model is built according to the afterpulse time distribution and probability of occurrence for these two types of PMTs. The average ratio between the total afterpulse charge with the delay between 0.5 $\mu$ s and 20 $\mu$ s to the primary pulse charge is 5.6%(13.2%) for the tested MCP-PMTs (dynode-PMTs). JUNO experiment will deploy 20,012 20-inch PMTs, and this study will benefit the detector simulation, event reconstruction and data analysis of JUNO experiment.