Small set of orthogonal product states with nonlocality

TL;DR

This paper investigates small sets of orthogonal product states that exhibit a form of nonlocality through local stability, providing bounds and identifying specific stable unextendible product bases with stronger nonlocality.

Contribution

It establishes a lower bound on the size of locally stable product state sets and identifies small, stable UPBs demonstrating stronger nonlocality than previously known.

Findings

Lower bound on size of locally stable product states

Some UPBs are not locally stable despite being indistinguishable

Existence of small, stable UPBs with stronger nonlocality

Abstract

A set of orthogonal states in multipartite systems is called to be locally stable if to preserving the orthogonality of the states, only trivial local measurement can be performed from each partite. Locally stable set of states are always locally indistinguishable yielding a form of nonlocality which is different from the Bell type nonlocality. In this work, we study the locally stable set of product states with small size. First, we give a lower bound on the size of locally stable set of product states. It is well known that unextendible product basis (UPB) is locally indistinguishable. But we find that some of them are not locally stable. On the other hand, there exists some small subset of minimum size UPB that are also locally stable which implies the nonlocality of such UPBs are stronger than other form.