Gravitational lensing by traversable wormholes supported by three-form fields

TL;DR

This paper investigates how light bends around traversable wormholes supported by three-form fields, analyzing photon trajectories and identifying the photon sphere as a key observable for understanding wormhole geometry.

Contribution

It introduces specific models of three-form supported wormholes that satisfy energy conditions and analyzes photon geodesics to identify the photon sphere as a geometric indicator.

Findings

Photon sphere radius as a useful observable

Photon geodesic motion analyzed under effective potential

Models compatible with energy conditions at the wormhole throat

Abstract

In this paper, we study the deflection angle of light by traversable wormholes, which are supported by the three-form fields. The specific forms of the redshift and shape functions that produce results compatible with the energy conditions at throat of the wormholes are used. Having used the well-defined parameter sets of the three-form wormholes, we investigate the photon geodesic motion under the effective potential of the wormhole background. As a result, we discover that the radius of the photon sphere is a very useful observable that is used to analyze the geometrical structures of a physical wormhole.