Success of the small mass ratio approximation during the final orbits of binary black hole simulations

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that the small mass-ratio approximation remains accurate during the final plunge of binary black hole mergers, even for comparable masses, enhancing its applicability to gravitational wave data analysis.

Contribution

It shows for the first time that the SMR approximation accurately models the transition to plunge in comparable mass binaries, extending its usefulness beyond inspiral.

Findings

SMR accurately predicts the transition to plunge in equal-mass binaries.

The transition region lasts about 10 gravitational wave cycles.

SMR remains valid until the last cycle of gravitational wave emission.

Abstract

Recent studies have shown the surprising effectiveness of the small mass-ratio approximation (SMR) in modeling the relativistic two-body problem even at comparable masses. Up to now this effectiveness has been demonstrated only during inspiral, before the binary transitions into plunge and merger. Here we examine the binding energy of nonspinning binary black hole simulations with mass ratios from 20:1 to equal mass. We show for the first time that the binaries undergo a transition to plunge as predicted by analytic theory, and estimate the size of the transition region, which is $\sim 10$ gravitational wave cycles for equal mass binaries. By including transition, the SMR expansion of the binding energy is accurate until the last cycle of gravitational wave emission. This is true even for comparable mass binaries such as those observed by current gravitational wave detectors, where the transition often makes up much of the observed signal. Our work provides further evidence that the SMR approximation can be directly applied to current gravitational wave observations.