X-haul Outage Compensation in 5G/6G Using Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces

TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel scheme using Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) to mitigate X-haul failures in dense 5G/6G networks, enhancing reliability and energy efficiency through strategic RIS placement.

Contribution

The study introduces an RIS-based outage compensation method with analytical evaluation for mitigating X-haul failures in 5G/6G networks, including optimal RIS configuration.

Findings

RIS placement can restore X-haul rates after failures.

RIS-assisted transmission can be more energy-efficient at high spectral densities.

Optimal number of RIS elements enhances energy efficiency.

Abstract

5G network operators consider the dense deployment of small base-stations (SBSs) to increase network coverage and capacity. Hence, operators face the challenge of X-hauling, i.e., backhauling or fronthauling, their traffic to the core network. Also, SBSs densification will increase the possibility of failure of these X-haul links. To cope with this problem, an X-haul outage compensation scheme with the assistance of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) is proposed to mitigate or at least alleviate the effect of X-haul failure. The RIS is a newly adopted technology that is able to improve the performance of wireless networks. In this paper, we present and evaluate an X-haul outage compensation scheme based on placing a number of RIS panels in pre-planned locations to mitigate the effect of X-haul failure. This evaluation is done using frequencies below and beyond 6 GHz. Based on our analytical results, the proposed RIS scheme shows that placing a sufficient number of RIS elements in proximity to the failed SBS under certain conditions can help acquire the same X-haul rate before the occurrence of the failure. Also, we show that for high X-haul spectral density, the RIS-assisted transmission with a certain number of elements can be more energy-efficient than line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight transmissions. Finally, the system's energy efficiency is addressed with and without RIS, and the optimal number of RIS reflecting elements is derived.