Quantum Computing for Rotating, Charged and String Theory Black Holes

TL;DR

This paper explores the quantum properties of various black holes using quantum computing, specifically the Variational Quantum Eigensolver, to compute spectra and eigenvalues, providing new insights into their microstates and thermodynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a quantum computing approach to analyze black hole operators, including the Mass operator, across different black hole types, with high accuracy results using near-term quantum hardware.

Findings

Accurate mass eigenvalues for black holes using VQE.

Quantum operators realized as 16x16 matrices in simulations.

Excellent agreement between quantum computations and theoretical expectations.

Abstract

The quantum mechanics of Rotating, Charged, de Sitter and String Theory black holes are of recent interest because of their peculiar thermodynamic properties, as well the mysterious nature of their microstates. A full quantum treatment of the operators involved in this systems could yield valuable information into their nature, similar to how quantum treatment yields valuable insight into atoms, molecules and elementary particles. We study four types of black holes using quantum computing, which include the 3D Rotating Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole, the 4D charged Reisner-Nordtrom (RN) black hole, the 4D charged Reisner-Nordstrom -de Sitter (RN-dS) black hole and the 2D charged string black hole. In these cases in addition to the Hamiltonian there is a Mass operator which plays an important role in describing the quantum states of the black hole. We compute the spectrum of these operators using classical and quantum computing. For quantum computing we use the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) which is hybrid classical-quantum algorithm that runs on near term quantum hardware. We perform our calculations using 4 qubits in both a harmonic oscillator and position basis, realizing the quantum operators of the black holes in terms of 16 x 16 matrices. For the 4 qubit case we find highly accurate results for the Mass eigenvalues for different values of the charge and angular momentum. For the 2D Charged String black hole we also use the VQE to compute the expectation value of the Hamiltonian constraint and the commutator of the Hamiltonian constraint with the mass operator and find excellent agreement with theoretical expectations.