Pre-explosion, explosion, and post-explosion jets in supernova SN 2019zrk

TL;DR

This paper investigates the role of jets in powering various phases of the supernova SN 2019zrk, proposing that jets are central to pre-explosion outbursts, the explosion energy, and post-explosion light curve features, with implications for understanding similar transient events.

Contribution

It introduces a jet-driven model for the entire evolution of SN 2019zrk, linking jet activity to pre-explosion, explosion, and post-explosion phenomena, and suggests jets are fundamental in diverse supernovae.

Findings

Jets powered the pre-explosion outburst and circumstellar matter ejection.

Explosion energy exceeds 10^{52} erg, consistent with jet-driven explosions.

Post-explosion jets likely cause the late-time light curve bump.

Abstract

I analyse some properties of the luminous transient event SN 2019zrk and conclude that jets were the main powering sources of the pre-explosion outburst (precursor) and ejection of a massive circumstellar matter (CSM), of the very energetic explosion itself, and of the post-explosion bump in the light curve. The pre-explosion energy source is mainly a companion (main sequence, Wolf-Rayet, neutron star or black hole) star that accreted mass and launched jets. I find that the fast expansion of the CSM after acceleration by the explosion ejecta requires the explosion energy to be >10^{52} erg. Only jet-driven explosions can supply this energy in such SN 2009ip-like transients. I conclude that ejecta-CSM interaction is extremely unlikely to power the bright bump at about 110 days after explosion. Instead, I show by applying a jet-driven bump toy-model that post-explosion jets are the most likely explanation for the bump. I leave open the question of whether the explosion itself (main outburst) was a core collapse supernova (CCSN) or a common envelope jets supernova (CEJSN). In this study I further connect peculiar transient events, here 2009ip-like transient events, to CCSNe by arguing that jets drive all events, from regular CCSNe through superluminous CCSNe and to many other peculiar and super-energetic transient events, including CEJSNe. Jet-powering cannot be ignored when analyzing all these types of transients.