Saturated absorption technique used in Potassium microcell for magnetic field sensing

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the use of a potassium microcell with saturated absorption spectroscopy to form narrow atomic lines for magnetic field sensing, offering a simple, calibrated, and high-resolution method without needing a frequency reference.

Contribution

It introduces a simplified potassium microcell setup for magnetic field sensing using saturated absorption spectroscopy, avoiding complex nanocell fabrication and providing intrinsic calibration.

Findings

Narrow atomic lines formed without cross-over resonances.

Decoupling of J and I observed at low magnetic fields (~300 G).

Spatial resolution of 30 μm for magnetic field measurement.

Abstract

It is demonstrated that the use of a Micrometric Thin $^{39}$K vapor Cell (MTC) and Saturated Absorption spectroscopy (SA) allows to form narrow atomic lines in transmission spectrum without unwanted Cross-Over (CO) resonances. Another important feature is the small characteristic magnetic field value $B_0 = A_{hf}/\mu_B$ of $^{39}$K, significantly smaller than for Rb and Cs. As a consequence, decoupling of $J$ and $I$ can be observed at relatively low magnetic fields $\sim$300 G, which results in the formation of two groups of four well-spectrally-resolved and equidistantly-positioned atomic transitions having the same amplitude (each group corresponds to a given circular polarization $\sigma^\pm$) which we record using a simple experimental setup with a linearly polarized tunable diode-laser and a longitudinal magnetic field obtained with two permanent magnets. Fabrication of a MTC is much easier than the fabrication of the $^{39}$K nanocells used in our previous works. A simple method to determine the magnitude of a wide range of B-fields with a spatial resolution of 30 $\mu$m is presented, which is intrinsically calibrated and does not require a frequency reference.