Ultra-relativistic bubbles from the simplest Higgs portal and their cosmological consequences

TL;DR

This paper investigates phase transitions in a minimal Higgs portal model, focusing on ultra-relativistic bubble dynamics and their implications for baryogenesis and dark matter production.

Contribution

It identifies and analyzes the parameter space where first-order phase transitions produce relativistic bubbles, linking these to baryogenesis and dark matter mechanisms.

Findings

Relativistic bubble velocities are achievable in certain parameter regions.

The study connects phase transition dynamics to baryogenesis and dark matter production.

Potential experimental signatures are discussed for current and future detectors.

Abstract

We analyze the phase transitions in the minimal extension of the SM with a real singlet scalar field. The novelty of our study is that we identify and analyze in details the region of parameter space where the first order phase transition can occur and in particular when the bubbles with true vacuum can reach relativistic velocities. This region is interesting since it can lead to the new recently discussed baryogenesis and Dark Matter production mechanisms. We fully analyze different models for the production of Dark Matter and baryogenesis as well as the possibilities of discovery at the current and future experiments.